By Gabriel Shapiro
We must hold our society’s venerated institutions to higher standards. They occupy much indulged positions that bring them many rewards; therefore, they must continually prove worthy of such regard and accord. There are many institutions in this position, but the following ones must be subjected to even higher expectations by us all: education, healthcare, religion.
Why these three?
Worldwide, for thousands of years, these three institutions have been accorded high respect and expensive deference. In different cultures, they have appeared in different forms: From education by elders to formal education, from tribal healers to elaborate corporate healthcare systems, from ritualized nature worship to the Catholic Church. In our United States, highly formal, highly organized institutions dominate these three areas. Here, two of the main benefits conferred on them have been the imprimatur of being unquestioned fonts of positive forces within our culture and tax-free status. Because of the high status of these institutions, a large subscriber base has been almost automatic, with societally endorsed people, such as parents and community leaders, strongly directing the average citizen to Get Educated! Get Healed! Get Religion!
At times, each of These Three has earned its vaunted status by educating, healing, and spiritually coaching people without expecting increased hegemony. [One could say that the very act of increasing their ministered scope did increase their hegemony, but that is more of a long-term factor, one that could arrive via societally beneficial (generally selfless) or societally detrimental (generally self-centered) institutional behavior.] Where necessary and possible, and without presuming full repayment, they have educated the poor, healed the sick, and coached the lost toward an improved life of the soul. Obviously, there must be some self-interest: The blood must flow through the body at large for the arm to chisel the stone; the hospital must pay its utilities, must exist, to heal the ill.

Of late, it is easy to find publicized refutation of the positive essence of These Three. Whether these aired stories represent majority corruption of the souls of the institutions or only represent important cracks in their foundations is not known, but, either way, their ventures into moral turpitude are highly relevant, not only morally but as regards societal imperative and structure. These respected institutions have the undeniable responsibility of acting as lights in the forest; as societally selected bearers of high principle, they are seen and valued as some of our highest institutions and must act so. If these institutions are no longer as vaunted as their long-held positions proclaim, society should not only reconsider their status but consider revoking the benefits that are attendant to such high status.
Self-Parodying?
This term came to me when hearing about the latest in the lengthy parade of sexual crimes committed by members of the clergy. The very people telling us how to behave in so many ways, including a strong focus on our sexual conduct, have been very much in the child-abuse business. This is insane! Of course, not every priest or religious officer has been defiling our young, but it was/is far more than rare anomaly, and the institution, the bearer of the highest voiced standards, was acting in truly evil – let’s just say it: devilish – ways by hiding and thereby fomenting the further perpetration of heinous crimes. Everybody knows this, and, yes, some have stopped sitting in the pew. But acknowledgement, condemnation and some desertion are not enough.
I probably don’t have to delineate further what I mean by self-parodying, but I will: To act in such opposition to your core expressed beliefs that you have become a parody of yourself. The church acting the devil. The surgeon who doesn’t wash properly before transecting the artery, the librarian who turns up the boom box in the research area of the library, the gym guru who routinely takes the elevator up one flight, the merchant of veganism who eats double burgers in the office closet. The public pacifist who beats his/her spouse.
Yes, humans are fallible. In some ways, I am self-parodying. My wife points out that despite my high safety focus, particularly with our 6-year-old boy, I sometimes take silly risks in my own life. I believe I have humane views on humanness. But to have such obvious, repeated transgressions by people employed and rewarded to model the very behaviors they continually declare in strong rhetoric, that is worthy of knocking them off their gleaming plinths and into the darkest cellar of our regard. And not just via individual protest and condemnation, but necessarily and logically through unified governmental and community actions.
And the Transgressions?
I’ve already mentioned the well-known crimes of the church. Another example: With so many poor and suffering, why not expect the Vatican to empty its vast basement of priceless art and artifacts. Many of the “transgressions”/operational modii of These Three are not covered by criminal law, but are, I believe, easily captured under the rubric of societal transgressions: For instance, the trusted father/mother spending the weekly paycheck on their pleasures without enough remaining to properly benefit the offspring and spouse. Much of this seems obvious but needs delineation because of the stupor we seem to be in that permits These Three’s commitment to these transgressions.
Here are three major and ruinous sins that I regularly see promulgated by These Three:
Entrusted and supported (financially and otherwise) to care for others but primarily focused on self-care/self-gain. Why must the presidents of small, minimally endowed colleges make a corporate president’s salary? The minions of the typical non-profit, university or not, are told to happily weather the inconveniences of lower compensation because they are reaping the self-enhancing benefits of being in their chosen, societally hallowed field of work: teaching, ministry, healthcare, etc. (Some, like me, do consider that benefit to be worthy of tens of thousands of dollars per year.) Further self-parody: The college presidents are often otherwise festooned with very expensive perks: free residential lodging (often in the best campus manse or mansion), personal assistants, entertainment budgets, etc. Extreme self-parody: Sometimes the head honchos (boards and administrators) have the gall to cover the president’s tax bill.
Holding a kingdom-centric focus. Most often, we see this when human capital (a disgraceful term) is forsaken to acquire more property (more land, more buildings, etc.) when it is not essential to preserving the very life of the institution. You’ve seen it many times: large layoffs even as the institution is expanding its shiny physical presence. Once again, I’m trying to be as fair as possible; I understand that some interest in the corporate self of These Three must be maintained, but that preservation must be to abet the institution’s main spoken purpose of continuing to serve – to serve others, not themselves.
Abandonment of central, bespoken role. These Three have willingly accepted their mantles and the perks inherent to wearing them. Rhetorically, politically and otherwise, they have strongly agreed to their roles in society. They have not been forced to assume those roles. When these entities forsake their chosen jobs as societal leaders, they must pay the consequences for these breaches. For instance, more and more universities favor costly expansion in areas not connected to their missions, primarily to educate, thereby imperiling the viability of their main goals. How many universities do we need that serve sushi in the dining hall, that sport luxurious student lodging, that have many expensive teams (with expensive coaches and expensive insurance policies and expensive travel budgets and many costly etceteras)? Administrators keep precise track of the number of student butts filling each course’s seats and frequently cancel classes for the semester if numbers fall even one student below rigid class-size rules; let them be as exacting about the costs, attendance, and payback for every sports team and other major outlays. Excellence in education is directly connected to excellence in teaching, not high-grade seafood and the harboring of many sports teams. Likewise with remunerating administrators and other university bureaucrats with high corporate salaries. [I know one Chicagoland dean that “was embarrassed” by how high his pay was; “I was making almost four times as much when I was a (middle-level) dean as I was when I was as a professor.”]
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Overall, we must adamantly pressure These Three and other high-status institutions to rededicate themselves to the people at large before we continue to allow them to claim the high and tangible benefits of their societally granted positions. Purely hegemonic approaches should be stricken from their agendas – clearly, it is not what they are paid to do.
These Three must institute rigorous self-critique that yields the results that will match their proclamations of societal benefit and their expectations of high social status and consequent high reward.
If you’re just going to be another commodifying, self-serving organization, then call yourself a business and, among other things, pay your taxes.
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“Self-parodying Institutions” invites the reader to rethink the unthinking, automatic allegiance given to the three institutions mentioned. It reminds us that keeping These Three under constant scrutiny and bringing them back to their stated mission is a duty we all have. A similar institution – quality media – enjoys much less allegiance and receives much more criticism, even if its sins are comparatively less grave and even if it carries out continuous self-criticism and soul-searching.
Gabriel,
I believe you wrote this piece only to shatter my world view. I don’t have any special interest in healthcare, but I value both education and religion a fair amount in my life. The fact that you mention Catholicism specifically is great as well, because I am a Catholic. Obviously, I know that the church is in a state of crisis with their scandals of sexual abuse and I really hope we are able to get the right people in charge to change things from the inside, but your mention of the situation being self-parodying really made me reflect on the institution as a whole. Was this to dissuade me from participating in my local parish? Probably not. But it reminds me that my nice, close, local group where much of the activity of my town is based upon is a part of a greater organization that is certainly guilty of severe hypocrisy.
Now we just need a way to change this.
I’m glad you mentioned the problem of higher education, where focus is being turned away from educating the paying student body and put instead on (in my opinion) pointless activities. I have always complained of the sports programs on college campuses. I agree that sports can help people mature, bond with friends, stay active, etc. And I believe these programs are valuable in allowing individuals who wouldn’t be able to pay tuition regularly get a scholarship and an education. However, I always felt that these athletics were a severe distraction from the point of attending college: to educate yourself. I know from personal experience students who will not complete homework assignments because a game or practice took up their free time, and I feel that placing athletics above class work is really missing the point of attending college.
Indeed, major societal institutions have betrayed or forsaken their broader social roles, serving instead their own narrow organizational self-interests. These are the organizations whose “missions” supposedly include strong commitments to benefitting individuals, ameliorating human suffering, and (more abstractly) serving the public or common good. The paradox is that these organizations — even when they remain “not-for-profit”- have increasingly adopted self-serving practices which leverage the service of disinterested social goods for the sake of their own institutional advancement. So service of the social good doesn’t disappear but is nested within a framework of institutional prerogatives.
My sense is that for non-profits this is closely linked with the distortion of philanthropy so trenchantly analyzed by Anand Giridharadas in “Winners Take all: the elite charade of changing the world.” Giridharadas points out that philanthropic institutions (started often by the super rich, seeking to “give back to society) actually reinforce the harmful behavior of rapacious businesses even as they try to repair or mitigate their harms.
I’m not sure I see the self-serving behavior as always implying self-parody but I’d agree that it sometimes does. Focusing on the sexual abuse crisis in the Roman Catholic Church, for example, I see this as a flat out contradiction of its mission. But this has led to something that has the ring of self-parody – namely, the Church’s public statements of how much it cares about the victims, about the love of Christ for these victims, of the importance of healing etc. etc.- statements made even when it was simultaneously covering up the abuse and seeking to mitigate the ensuring loss of money and prestige! The bishop was, so to speak, engaging in public self-flagellation while diocesan lawyers played hard ball with victims.
Likewise, the “growth forward” strategies of hospitals and hospital systems (usually non-profits) fleece patients with impossibly overpriced (and hard to understand) bills, while they spend millions lobbying for minimal regulation of their industry and resist reform. All done as they publically portray themselves as being “patient-centered.”
Writing as a graduate of an academic institution (which I will not reveal out of respect to the students and faculty who are victims more than perpetrators of the problem) that undoubtedly inflated the athletics program, which creates many problems, some of which Mr. Shapiro has highlighted in this article. I would like to expand on this particular part of the crisis stemming from the actions of celebrated institutions that parody their proclaimed intentions, and some of the nefarious issues that I have personally witnessed and its impact upon the faculty and students at these schools. Note that despite the range of sizes across most American universities, the athletic programs and their priorities in terms of funding and their ensuing emphasis of acclaim and attention, is systemic.
For example, (and to give context I graduated in 2015) and as of that time, none of the campus buildings of my undergrad experience were LEED certified. The university did not have a campus garden for growing-well anything, and the campus greenhouse was more or less dysfunctional, left to rot while sports team after sports team were created to bring in yet more students. The inclusion of a bass fishing team happened, making it the twentieth or so collegiate team to exist, despite having the main scientific building of the campus still having a fallout shelter and lacking any kind of observatory, up to date scientific equipment, etc. Exciting renewable energy projects powering anything on the campus were scant to be found. And this brings up another point: If we are comfortable to ignore the plight of global warming (which I believe is the political problem that will define my future more than any other) on a college campus, is there any doubt that attendant students will also do so after they graduate? If a college is more interested in building athletic teams to boost enrollment and absorb the subsequent costs from such proposals and plans than to the creation of a culture that will confront obvious problems that literally threaten the future nature of humanity’s existence, than what right does it have to call itself a place of purpose or higher learning or any other virtuous designation? I think this is the point that Mr. Shapiro really effectively pinpoints-we, the public, cannot give it to them if they continue to deliver the contrary of what they advocate.
The influx of students who attended to soak up whatever glory they were unable to achieve in their high school years (I, myself, was a victim of this yearning) or were unable to attend college elsewhere with such hefty financial aid, caused the university to naturally build more housing complexes, despite the routine flunking out, even with very low GPA standards pressed upon them. The lack of academic, campus, or civic engagement from a majority of students being there to exclusively play sports helped insure that the university remained stagnant. Short of government intervention, students at such colleges are the only ones who can truly effectively change policy at college campuses when properly organized (given that they are the ones that the college is designed for and of course are subsidizing with what will likely be a five to twenty or more year debt sentence).
But without participation, without any real desire to get involved, the culture at this school was dismal, dead of any intellectual or artistic verve outside of the offices of certain spirited professors and the small batch of students I could find who were actually interested in learning and trying to change the immediate world around us. The world of a student really extends and ends at the perimeters of their campus, highly insulated from the outer reaches of society, an island away from the commotion of typical working life. Or at least that was my experience and general outlook, punctuated by my part time job outside of school and occasional travelling. With the addition of government action siding with the least powerful, the victims of the environment that they literally and figuratively create, could bring the kind of lasting change to challenge the corporate takeover of higher education. It’s worth bearing in mind that college tuition was more or less socialized in the mid-twentieth century well up until the late 1970’s, and sports teams for schools were not a business that helped inflate the cost of education and infiltrate the social and intellectual atmosphere at the point that it is now impossible to imagine a vibrant college campus without well-funded athletics. Mr. Shapiro’s solutions may not be specific but they are right-administrators in education (as well as in healthcare, religion, etc.) and the culture they create must not just be scrutinized, but penalized and restrained from active democratic engagement from those of us who are actively contributing with our money and time for their privileged positions.
Thank you so much for your deep and considered response, A. Michael Curtis. I really appreciate the time and effort you put into posting your ideas, and it’s the kind of interaction I’m looking most forward to in this nascent publication. Another great example of that kind of interplay is evident below the Hierarch vs. Networks essay published in this magazine.
It would be interesting to know your background and where you’re currently living.
Once again, thank you for your input.
I think the health care point is definitely on target. Medicine in the U.S. is a business. Among for-profit hospitals, those profits go to the owners. Among non-profits, those profits go back into the business in the form of administrative salaries, impressive buildings, and the institution’s self-promotion. Yes, many non-profit hospitals give away charitable care, but the amount they give away is surely inflated, since there are actually few real prices in health care. Everyone gets charged something different for medical care or prescriptions, depending on what their insurer has negotiated – unless you have no insurance at all, in which case you have to pay the full sticker price. Those sticker prices are the ones that they figure in as part of the care – but do boxes of Kleenex really cost $20 and does it really cost $250 to put a Band-Aid on someone and hand them an aspirin? Is it any wonder that of the 10 most profitable hospitals in the country, 7 were “nonprofit,” according to a recent article (https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1193)?
Because few people know the real prices of anything in health care, it’s a bit like buying a used car and dealing with salespeople who have ways of jacking the price up – except that in buying a car, you usually know something about what you’re dealing with, you know approximately what you are going to pay, and it is possible to negotiate or even walk away.
For a revealing look at the health care industry, see Elisabeth Rosenthal’s book, “An American Sickness: How healthcare became big business and how you can take it back.” The game in health care seems to be to crank bills as high as they can go and pass it on to whatever party has no choice but to pay it. As noted, medicine in the U.S. is a business. And sometimes private enterprise is truly the best way to deliver services. But usually that’s when you have informed, knowledgeable consumers who can make rational choices and aren’t held captive by insurance companies, local monopolies, unpredictable and incomprehensible billing systems, and so on.
With respect to colleges, the article is definitely correct that higher education has become more like a business and has become more winner-take-all. I am not a fan of this change, but at least I sort of know why it is happening. Public schools used to be able to rely on the state for a substantial part of their support. With state support for schools disappearing in places like Wisconsin, Illinois, and elsewhere, colleges have had to chase other sources of revenue (donors and tuition). Of course, no one is required to be a donor. And with respect to tuition, no one is actually required to be a student either. But students are the ones who are the most captive audience, and just as in health care, it is the party that can get squeezed that will be.